Introduction Preventive andrology focuses on preserving male reproductive and hormonal health throughout life. As men age, physiological changes increase susceptibility to chronic disease, sexual dysfunction, and hormonal decline. Aging and Male Health Age-related testosterone decline, erotic activity, reduced sperm quality, and prostate enlar

Introduction Sexual dysfunction in men is a prevalent condition that affects physical health, emotional well-being, and interpersonal relationships. Andrology offers a multidisciplinary approach to understanding and managing male sexual disorders. Types of Sexual Dysfunction Common conditions include erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation

Introduction Hormonal balance is fundamental to male physiological development, sexual function, and metabolic health. Andrology places particular emphasis on disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, which governs testosterone production and spermatogenesis. Role of Testosterone Testosterone is the principal male sex hormone respo

Introduction Male infertility represents a major global health concern, accounting for approximately half of all infertility cases among couples. Defined as the inability to achieve conception after one year of regular unprotected intercourse due to male factors, infertility requires comprehensive evaluation through andrology to identify reversibl

Introduction Andrology is a specialized branch of medical science devoted to the study of male reproductive health, sexual function, and hormonal regulation. Often described as the male counterpart to gynecology, andrology focuses on disorders affecting the testes, epididymis, prostate gland, seminal vesicles, penis, and the endocrine mechanisms r